Chocolate Surgeon Tang

The Chocolate Surgeon Tang (Acanthurus pyroferus) is a captivating species native to the Indo-Pacific region. Renowned for its vibrant coloration and dynamic behavior, it is a sought-after addition to marine aquariums. However, due to its size and specific care requirements, it is best suited for experienced hobbyists with appropriately sized tanks.

(REEF SAFE / ADVANCED)

Essential Information:

• Common Names: Chocolate Surgeon Tang, Mimic Tang, Lemon Peel Tang, Yellow Mimic Tang, Chocolate Tang, Heraldi, Lemon Peel Tang, Half-Back Tang, Harold’s Mimic Tang, Black-Barred Tang, Orange-Grilled Surgeonfish, Pacific Mimic Surgeon, Yellow-Spot Surgeon

• Scientific Name: Acanthurus pyroferus

• Family: Acanthuridae

• Origin/Habitat: Inhabits coral reefs and lagoon areas throughout the Indo-Pacific region, including Fiji, Vanuatu, and the Maldives.

• Maximum Size: Can grow up to 8 inches (20.3 cm) in length.

• Lifespan: In the wild, they can live between 25 and 30 years; in captivity, they typically live up to 10 years with proper care.

• Level of Difficulty: Moderate; requires a large, well-maintained aquarium and stable water conditions.

Appearance & Physical Traits:

• Coloration & Pattern: Juveniles exhibit a bright yellow body with blue highlights around the eyes and gill covers, mimicking the Lemonpeel Angelfish. As they mature, the body color darkens to tan with red highlights around the eyes and pectoral fins. The dorsal, anal, and caudal fins take on hues of green but remain tipped with the tan body color.

• Body Shape & Structure: Streamlined, elongated body with a laterally compressed profile, typical of surgeonfish. Equipped with sharp spines on both sides of the tail base, used for defense.

Habitat & Environmental Needs:

• Minimum Tank Size: Requires a minimum tank size of 125 gallons (473 liters) to accommodate its size and active swimming behavior.

• Water Temperature: Maintain between 75°F and 82°F (24°C to 28°C).

• pH Level: Keep between 8.1 and 8.4.

• Specific Gravity: Optimal range is 1.020 to 1.025.

• Aquascape: Provide ample open swimming space with live rock structures for grazing and hiding. Ensure strong water movement to mimic natural reef currents.

• Tank Cover: Ensure the tank is securely covered, as this species may jump if startled.

Diet & Feeding:

• Diet Type: Herbivorous.

• Preferred Foods: A balanced diet including high-quality marine flakes or pellets, supplemented with algae, nori, and occasional meaty foods like mysis shrimp.

• Feeding Frequency: Feed 2 to 3 times daily, offering small portions to prevent overfeeding.

Behavior & Compatibility:

• Temperament: Semi-aggressive; can be territorial, especially towards other tangs or similarly shaped fish.

• Social Behavior: Active swimmer, often patrolling its territory.

• Tank Mate Compatibility: Best kept with other peaceful fish; avoid housing with aggressive species or other tangs to prevent territorial disputes.

• Activity Level: High; requires a spacious tank to accommodate its active nature.

Care Considerations & Additional Notes:

• Ease of Care: Moderate; requires a large, stable environment with consistent water parameters.

• Special Requirements: Regular water changes and high-quality filtration are essential. Provide a varied diet to ensure nutritional balance.

• Pest Control Benefits: While not a primary pest controller, it may help in maintaining a clean substrate by consuming small invertebrates.

• Additional Notes: Due to its size and specific care requirements, the Chocolate Surgeon Tang is best suited for experienced hobbyists with appropriately sized tanks. Regular monitoring of water quality and fish health is crucial for its well-being.